Cambridge IELTS 9, Test 4, Reading Passage 2 – Young Children’s Sense of Identity, Solution With Answer Key

Cambridge IELTS 9 Test 4 Reading Passage 2 Young Children’s Sense of Identity Solution with Answer Key. Here we will discuss step by step detailed explanation of all the questions of the passage with Tips and Strategies. This post is for educational purpose only. If you find difficulties in reading passage to find the right answer in the exam, just read the post carefully. Tips and strategies will help you find the right answer.

Cambridge IELTS 9 Test 4 Reading Passage 2 Young Children’s Sense of Identity – Explanation

 

Solution of IELTS Cambridge 9 Test 4  Academic Reading Module, Reading Passage 2

 

PASSAGE 2: Young Children’s Sense of Identity (View Full Passage Here)

Questions 14-19 (Identifying information)
** Tips (link details): How To Solve Information Matching or Locating Paragraph In IELTS Reading Module?

Question 14: an account of the method used by researchers in a particular study
Keywords: method used, researchers, particular study,
Now, in paragraph G, lines 4-8, “In one experiment, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) dabbed some red power on the noses of children who were playing in front of a mirror, and then observed how often they touched their noses. The psychologists reasoned that if the children knew what they usually looked like, they would be surprised by the unusual red mark and would start touching it.”
Here, a particular study means one experiment;
Answer: G

Question 15: the role of imitation in developing a sense of identity
Keywords: imitation, developing, sense of identity,
Now, Paragraph C talks about mimicry or imitation by little children. “Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them. Many parents spend a lot of time, particularly in the early months, copying their infant’s vocalizations. . … However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants’ developing understanding that the movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people.”
Here, imitate and copying means mimic, developing a sense of identity means are distinct from other people;
Answer: C

Question 16: the age at which children can usually identify a static image of themselves
Keywords: age, children, usually identify, static image, themselves,
Now, in paragraph G, in the beginning, “Lewis and Brooks-Gunn argued that an important developmental milestone is reached when children become able to recognise themselves visually without the support of seeing contingent movement. This recognition occurs around their second birthday.”
Here, identify a static image of themselves means recognise themselves visually without the support of seeing contingent movement;
Answer: G

Question 17: a reason for the limitations of scientific research into ‘self-as-subject’
Keywords: reason, limitations, research, ‘self-as-subject’,
Now, in paragraph D, “Empirical investigations of the self-as-subject in young children are, however, rather scarce because of difficulties of communication: even if young infants can reflect on their experience, they certainly cannot express this aspect of the self directly.”
Here, scarce and cannot express = limitations;
Answer: D

Question 18: reference to a possible link between culture and a particular form of behaviour
Keywords: possible link, culture, particular, behaviour,
Now, in paragraph H, in the last lines, “Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense of ‘self’ and of ‘ownership’ is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies.”
These lines suggest that there is a possible link between the special behaviour (of ‘self’ and of ‘ownership’) and culture (Western societies).
Answer: H

Question 19: examples of the wide range of features that contribute to the sense of ‘self-as-object’
Keywords: wide range of features, contribute, sense, ‘self-as-object’,
Now, in paragraph E, we find the reference of ‘self-as-object’. In lines 3-4 of the paragraph, “This second step in the development of a full
sense is what James called the ‘self-as-object’.”
Then, at the end of the paragraph, we find the wide range of features that contribute to this sense, “ . .. characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with other people (such as trustworthiness, shyness, sporting ability).”
Answer: E

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Questions 20-23: (Matching research findings with the researchers)
** Tips (link details): How To Solve Matching Statements With Correct Theory In IELTS Reading?

Question 20: A sense of identity can never be formed without relationships with other people.
Keywords: sense of identity, never be formed, without relationships, other people,
Now, in paragraph F, lines 6-9, “Mead (1934) went even further: the self is essentially a social structure, and it arises in social experience . . .. . . … it is impossible to conceive of a self arising outside of social experience”
Here, relationships with other people means social experience;
Answer: D (Mead)

Question 21: A child’s awareness of self is related to a sense of mastery over things and people
Keywords: awareness of self, mastery, things, people
Now, in paragraph B, “Cooley (1902) suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are in infant’s attempts to control physical objects, such as toys and his or her own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect the behaviour of other people.”
Here, sense of the self-as-subject = awareness of self, control physical objects, such as toys and his or her own limbs = mastery over things,
Answer: B (Cooley)

Question 22: At a certain age, children’s sense of identity leads to aggressive behaviour.
Keywords: certain age, aggressive behaviour
Now, in paragraph H, “In the longitudinal study of groups of three or four children, Bronson (1975) found that the intensity of the frustration and anger in their disagreements increased sharply between the ages of 1 and 2 years.”
Here, aggressive behaviour = frustration and anger;
Answer: E (Bronson)

Question 23: Observing their own reflection contributes to children’s self awareness.
Keywords: observing, reflection, self awareness
Now, in paragraph C, the writer states, “However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn suggest that infants’ developing understanding that the movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people.”
Here, movements in the mirror = reflection, see = observe, lead to = contribute to;
Answer: C (Lewis and Brooks-Gunn)

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Questions 24-26 (Completing summary)

** Tips (link details): How To Solve Completing Summaries with and without a Wordlist in IELTS Reading Module?

Question 24: First, children come to realise that they can have an effect on the world around them, for example by handling objects, or causing the image to move when they face a _________.
Keywords: effect on the world, handling objects, image, move, face
Now, in paragraph C, lines 4-5, “.. … . young children enjoy looking in mirrors, where the movements they can see are dependent upon their own movements.”
The lines suggest that when young children look in the mirrors, they can cause the image to move by moving themselves.
Answer: mirror

Question 25: This aspect of self awareness is difficult to research directly, because of __________ problems.
Keywords: difficult to research, problems,
Now,we can find about ‘research difficulties’ in paragraph D, in lines 4-7, “Empirical investigations of the self-as-subject in young children are, however, rather scarce because of difficulties of communication: even if young infants can reflect on their experience, they certainly cannot express this aspect of the self directly.”
Here, investigations = research, difficult to research = rather scarce,
Answer: communication

Question 26: In Western societies at least, the development of self awareness is often linked to a sense of _____________, and can lead to disputes..
Keywords: Western, self awareness, linked,
Now, at the end of paragraph H, “Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense of ‘self’ and of ‘ownership’ is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies.”
Here, disputes means disagreement;
Answers: ownership

 

 

View Full Passage Here

 

 

Cambridge IELTS 9 Test 4 Reading Passage 2 Answer Keys

 

Young Children’s Sense of Identity Reading Passage Answers Keys

Passage 2

 

 

 

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