IELTS Listening Test 4 – Section 4

Questions 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Rattan Lal:

•    Claims that 13% of C0₂ in the atmosphere could be absorbed by agricultural soils

•    Erosion is more likely in soil that is 31

•    Lal found soil in Africa that was very 32

•    It was suggested that carbon from soil was entering the atmosphere

Soil and carbon:

•    plants turn C0₂ from the air into carbon-based substances such as 33

•    some C0₂ moves from the 34  of plants to microbes in the soil

•    carbon was lost from the soil when agriculture was invented

Regenerative agriculture:

•    uses established practices to make sure soil remains fertile and 35

•    e.g. through year-round planting and increasing the 36  plants that are grown

California study:

•    taking place on a big 37  farm

•    uses compost made from waste from agriculture and 38

Australia study:

•    aims to increase soil carbon by using 39  that are always green

Future developments may include:

•    reducing the amount of fertilizer used in farming

•    giving farmers 40  for carbon storage, as well as their produce